Aims of punishment

http://www.ndre.co.uk/aims_of_punishment.htm#Retribution



Summary
Aims of punishment are the reasons why punishment is carried out. It is important not to confuse them with the means of punishment; for example, imprisonment, execution and so on.
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Retribution
Retribution means taking revenge. The Old Testament Law of Talion was 'an eye for an eye' - in other words, the punishment should fit the crime. Note that the Law of Talion is not the teaching of Jesus. Jesus goes on to tell his disciples to love their enemies and pray for those who persecute them rather than seeking revenge for wrongs done against them. Retribution therefore is not consistent with Christian discipleship.
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Deterrence
Deterrence means putting criminals off offending or re-offending for fear of the consequences. This view is consistent with Christian teaching as long as the deterrent is proportionate to the crime. Long sentences for minor offences may put some criminals off but they are also unjust in themselves.
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Protection
Protection means stopping society being affected by the activities of criminals. Prison is the usual means of protecting society. This aim of punishment is broadly consistent with Christian teaching but where society is protected by carrying out the death penalty many Christians may raise objections.
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Reformation
Reformation means turning criminals into law-abiding people. This aim of punishment is very consistent with Christian views about the importance of repentance, reconciliation and changing life for the better.
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Vindication
Vindication means making sure the law is respected by punishing those who break the law.